It’s important to have a conversation with your doctor ahead of the surgery so they can assess your risk and tell you what steps to take before the surgery. Recent guidelines and medical reviews underlined the importance to assess and treat preoperative iron deficiency and/or anemia1,2,3.
Anaemia occurs when there are not enough red blood cells in your body, or the blood cells do not have enough haemoglobin to carry oxygen to your tissues (caused by iron deficiency).
Anaemia, if left untreated, may mean that the hospital has to delay your surgery4. If surgery goes ahead and you lose blood, you may need a blood transfusion5. Having a blood transfusion may make your recovery slower6. The good news is that anaemia is treatable, and the sooner you find out if you are anaemic the sooner you can start treatments to help.
To reduce your risk of higher bleeding during surgery, it is also important to discuss with your doctor:
If you are at higher risk of bleeding because of the medicines you are taking
Your medical history of current medical conditions
Whether the type of surgery may also carry an increased risk of bleeding
In addition, iron deficiency or anaemia before surgery can worsen the patient's outcome of surgery7-9, therefore it is important to have these discussions with your doctor.
Вашему врачу необходимо будет знать, есть ли у вас вероятность возникновения кровотечения во время предстоящей операции.
Это будет включать вопросы о вашей семейной истории и о том, бывало ли у вас лично чрезмерное кровотечение в прошлом до или после операции. Ваш врач, вероятно, возьмет у вас анализ крови, чтобы определить, есть ли у вас анемия или дефицит железа, включая измерение уровня гемоглобина и показателей метаболизма железа10.
Это позволит им и вам узнать, есть ли у вас дефицит железа или низкий уровень красных кровяных телец и насколько он серьезен. Это подскажет вашему врачу оптимальный курс лечения.
Your doctor may prescribe you medications that contain iron in different forms, which include:
- Oral iron preparations (tablets, capsules, drops, syrup)
- Intravenous infusion or injection, which is when a dose of iron directly into your bloodstream through a vein
Increasing your iron stores by either taking medicines or having an infusion prior to surgery reduces the risk that you may need a blood transfusion during or after the surgery. This is important because blood transfusions may come with some inherent risks12-13.
Depending on the severity of your iron deficiency and anaemia, and the treatment you choose, recovery times can differ.
Существующие хронические воспалительные заболевания у пациентов, перенесших операцию, могут препятствовать всасыванию железа в кишечнике и его усвоению в организме. У таких пациентов часто развивается дефицит железа1.
Это связано с тем, что воспаление активирует особый белок гепсидин, который блокирует поступление железа в кровь15. Если воспаление носит хронический и длительный характер, то все клетки организма не получают элементарного железа, который важен для энергетического метаболизма16.
On the other hand, iron deficiency and anaemia can occur during treatment of the underlying disease. For example, the appointment of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can lead to iron deficiency in patients with cancer18-20.
Chronic blood loss can also cause iron deficiency in patients preparing for surgery. For example, most women with uterine fibroids have heavy menstrual bleeding, which may lead first to iron deficiency and then to iron deficiency anaemia21.
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